Compare Saint Helena (2004) - Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2005)

Compare Saint Helena (2004) z Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2005)

	Saint Helena (2004)	Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2005)

Administrative divisions	1 administrative area and 2 dependencies; Ascension, Saint Helena, Tristan da Cunha*	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Age structure	0-14 years: 18.9% (male 710; female 689) 15-64 years: 71.4% (male 2,739; female 2,559) 65 years and over: 9.7% (male 319; female 399) (2004 est.)	0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products	corn, potatoes, vegetables; timber; fish, crawfish (on Tristan da Cunha)	fodder and vegetable crops; sheep, dairy products
Airports	1 (2003 est.)	5 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)	total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 3 under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 410 sq km land: 410 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Saint Helena Island, Ascension, and the island group of Tristan da Cunha, which consists of Tristan da Cunha Island, Gough Island, Inaccessible Island, and the three Nightingale Islands	total: 12,173 sq km land: 12,173 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands
Area - comparative	slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC	slightly smaller than Connecticut
Background	Uninhabited when first discovered by the Portuguese in 1502, Saint Helena was garrisoned by the British during the 17th century. It acquired fame as the place of Napoleon BONAPARTE's exile, from 1815 until his death in 1821, but its importance as a port of call declined after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869. Ascension Island is the site of a US Air Force auxiliary airfield; Gough Island has a meteorological station.	Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that landed seven weeks later and after fierce fighting forced Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982.
Birth rate	12.68 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)	NA births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget	revenues: $11.2 million expenditures: $11 million, including capital expenditures of NA (FY92/93)	revenues: $66.2 million expenditures: $67.9 million, including capital expenditures of $23.2 million (FY98/99 est.)
Capital	Jamestown	Stanley
Climate	Saint Helena - tropical; marine; mild, tempered by trade winds; Tristan da Cunha - temperate; marine, mild, tempered by trade winds (tends to be cooler than Saint Helena)	cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; average annual rainfall is 24 inches in Stanley; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate
Coastline	60 km	1,288 km
Constitution	1 January 1989	3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Saint Helena	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Currency	Saint Helenian pound (SHP)	-
Death rate	6.47 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)	NA deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external	NA (1996)	$NA
Dependency status	overseas territory of the UK	overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas territory of the UK)	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas territory of the UK)	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Disputes - international	none	Argentina, which claims the islands in its constitution and briefly occupied the islands by force in 1982, agreed in 1995 to no longer seek settlement by force; UK continues to reject Argentine requests for sovereignty talks
Economic aid - recipient	$12.6 million (1995); note - $5.3 million from UK (1997)	$0 (1997 est.)
Economy - overview	The economy depends largely on financial assistance from the UK, which amounted to about $5 million in 1997 or almost one-half of annual budgetary revenues. The local population earns income from fishing, the raising of livestock, and sales of handicrafts. Because there are few jobs, 25% of the work force has left to seek employment on Ascension Island, on the Falklands, and in the UK.	The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. In 1987 the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falklands exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year, which goes to support the island's health, education, and welfare system. Squid accounts for 75% of the fish taken. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day; to date no exploitable site has been identified. An agreement between Argentina and the UK in 1995 seeks to defuse licensing and sovereignty conflicts that would dampen foreign interest in exploiting potential oil reserves. Tourism, especially eco-tourism, is increasing rapidly, with about 30,000 visitors in 2001. Another large source of income is interest paid on money the government has in the bank. The British military presence also provides a sizeable economic boost.
Electricity - consumption	4.65 million kWh (2001)	17.72 million kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - production	5 million kWh (2001)	19.06 million kWh (2002)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Queen Mary's Peak on Tristan da Cunha 2,060 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Usborne 705 m
Environment - current issues	NA	overfishing by unlicensed vessels is a problem; reindeer were introduced to the islands in 2001 for commercial reasons; this is the only commercial reindeer herd in the world unaffected by the Chornobyl disaster
Ethnic groups	African descent 50%, white 25%, Chinese 25%	British
Exchange rates	Saint Helenian pounds per US dollar - 0.6661 (2002), 0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998),	Falkland pounds per US dollar - 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003), 0.6672 (2002), 0.6947 (2001), 0.6609 (2000) note: the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Governor and Commander in Chief David HOLLAMBY (since 1999); Michael CLANCY (taking office in October 2004) cabinet: Executive Council consists of the governor, two ex officio officers, and six elected members of the Legislative Council elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor is appointed by the monarch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Governor Howard PEARCE (since 3 December 2002); Chief Executive Chris SIMPKINS (since NA March 2003); Financial Secretary Derek F. HOWATT (since NA) cabinet: Executive Council; three members elected by the Legislative Council, two ex officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch
Exports	NA (2001)	NA
Exports - commodities	fish (frozen, canned, and salt-dried skipjack, tuna), coffee, handicrafts	wool, hides, meat
Exports - partners	US 26.7%, Tanzania 21.9%, Indonesia 9.4%, UK 8.7%, Japan 7.4%, Netherlands 7.2%, Nigeria 6.8%, Poland 5%, Spain 4.9% (2003)	Spain 77.4%, UK 9.4%, US 4.9% (2004)
Fiscal year	1 April - 31 March	1 April - 31 March
Flag description	blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Saint Helenian shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield features a rocky coastline and three-masted sailing ship	blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising was once the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT
GDP	purchasing power parity - $18 million (1998 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA industry: NA services: NA	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $2,500 (1998 est.)	purchasing power parity - $25,000 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	NA	NA%
Geographic coordinates	15 56 S, 5 42 W	51 45 S, 59 00 W
Geography - note	harbors at least 40 species of plants unknown anywhere else in the world; Ascension is a breeding ground for sea turtles and sooty terns	deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season
Highways	total: 198 km (Saint Helena 138 km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 20 km) paved: 168 km (Saint Helena 118km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 10 km) unpaved: 30 km (Saint Helena 20 km, Ascension 0 km, Tristan da Cunha 10 km) (2000)	total: 440 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 390 km (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	NA (2001)	NA
Imports - commodities	food, beverages, tobacco, fuel oils, animal feed, building materials, motor vehicles and parts, machinery and parts	fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing
Imports - partners	UK 29.1%, South Africa 24.7%, Spain 16.4%, Italy 8.8%, Tanzania 8.2%, US 5.8% (2003)	UK 63.2%, Spain 30.3%, France 3.6% (2004)
Independence	none (overseas territory of the UK)	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Industrial production growth rate	NA	NA%
Industries	construction, crafts (furniture, lacework, fancy woodwork), fishing	fish and wool processing; tourism
Infant mortality rate	total: 19.85 deaths/1,000 live births male: 23.7 deaths/1,000 live births female: 15.81 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)	total: NA male: NA female: NA (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	3.2% (1997 est.)	3.6% (1998)
International organization participation	ICFTU, UPU	ICFTU, UPU
Irrigated land	NA sq km	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court; Magistrate's Court; Small Debts Court; Juvenile Court	Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction
Labor force	3,500 note: 1,200 work offshore (1998 est.)	1,100 (est.)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture and fishing 6%, industry (mainly construction) 48%, services 46% (1987 est.)	agriculture 95% (mostly sheepherding and fishing)
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 12.9% permanent crops: 0% other: 87.1% (2001)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (99% permanent pastures, 1% other) (2001)
Languages	English	English
Legal system	NA	English common law
Legislative branch	unicameral Legislative Council (16 seats, including the speaker, 3 ex officio and 12 elected members; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 27 June 2001 (next to be held NA June 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 15	unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats - 2 ex officio, 8 elected by popular vote, members serve four-year terms); presided over by the governor elections: last held 22 November 2001 (next to be held November 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 8; note - 71% voter turnout
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 77.57 years male: 74.67 years female: 80.61 years (2004 est.)	total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years (2005 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 20 and over can read and write total population: 97% male: 97% female: 98% (1987 est.)	-
Location	islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, about midway between South America and Africa	Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina
Map references	Africa	South America
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm	territorial sea: 12 nm continental shelf: 200 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	none	none
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of the UK	defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches	-	no regular military forces
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	NA
National holiday	Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in June (1926)	Liberation Day, 14 June (1982)
Nationality	noun: Saint Helenian(s) adjective: Saint Helenian	noun: Falkland Islander(s) adjective: Falkland Island
Natural hazards	active volcanism on Tristan da Cunha	strong winds persist throughout the year
Natural resources	fish	fish, squid, wildlife, calcified seaweed, sphagnum moss
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)	NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Political parties and leaders	none	none; all independents
Political pressure groups and leaders	none	none
Population	7,415 (July 2004 est.)	2,967 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA	NA
Population growth rate	0.62% (2004 est.)	2.44% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors	Georgetown (on Ascension), Jamestown	Stanley
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions	Anglican (majority), Baptist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic	primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2004 est.)	-
Suffrage	NA years of age	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: can communicate worldwide domestic: automatic network international: country code - 290; HF radiotelephone from Saint Helena to Ascension Island, which is a major coaxial submarine cable relay point between South Africa, Portugal, and UK; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)	general assessment: NA domestic: government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands international: country code - 500; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries
Telephones - main lines in use	2,200 (2002)	2,400 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	0 (1997)	0 (2001)
Television broadcast stations	0 note: television programs are received in Saint Helena via satellite and distributed by cable (2002)	2 (operated by the British Forces Broadcasting Service) note: cable television is available in Stanley (2002)
Terrain	Saint Helena - rugged, volcanic; small scattered plateaus and plains note: the other islands of the group have a volcanic origin	rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains
Total fertility rate	1.54 children born/woman (2004 est.)	NA children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate	14% (1998 est.)	full employment; labor shortage (2001)

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